VACCINATION Schedules for All Animals

VACCINATION Schedules for All Animals

VACCINATION – General Principles and Schedules;

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate adaptive immunity to a disease.

General Principles of Vaccination

Vaccination involves the administration of antigen to stimulate the immune system to produce specific antibodies against viral, bacterial, and protozoan disease. Vaccination program should be based on the following considerations:

·         Diseases prevalent in the area of operation Risk of exposure.

·         Immune status of parent stocks.

·         Cost of acquisition and administration of vaccines Herd/Flock placement programs

·         Availability of specific vaccines

·         Cost benefit ratio associated with vaccination taking into account the risk of infection and financial losses from disease.

·         The ideal vaccine would be safe, effective on challenge, and have no undesirable side effects.

Vaccination Schedule for Cattle/Buffalo

Disease	Vaccine	Time for vaccination	Dose rate
Haemorrhagic	HS (VRI)	May/June and	5 ml / 300 kg
Septicemia (HS)		November/December
	HS (NIAB)	Before rainy season	3 ml (large animal)
			2 ml (small animal)
Black Quarter	BQ	March/April	5-10 ml
Anthrax	Anthrax	August	1 ml
Rinderpest	Rinderpest	1st injection at 6 mo & 2nd at	1 ml
		2 yrs of age
FMD	FMD (VRI)	February/March and	1 ml / 100 kg
		September/October
	FMD (Marial)	At start of winter season	3 ml (large animal)
			2 ml (small animal)
Rabies	Rabies	Post exposure	32 ml daily for 14
			Days
Vaccination Schedule for Sheep/Goat

Disease	Vaccine	Time for vaccination	Dose rate
Enterotoxemia	Enterotoxemia	January and July	2-3 ml
Anthrax	Anthrax	February or Rainy season	0.5 ml
Sheep Pox / Goat	Sheep Pox / Goat	March and September	1 ml S/C or
Pox	Pox		0.5 ml IM
FMD	FMD	February and August	1-3 ml S/C
Pleuro-pneumonia	Pleuro-pneumonia	October/November	1 ml S/C
Rabies	Rabies	Post exposure	10 ml daily for 7 days

Vaccination Schedule for Dogs

Age	Vaccination
6-8 week	Hexa dog (CD, canine hepatitis, parvovirus,
	leptospirosis (two types), parainfluenza)
9-12 week	Booster dose of hexa dog
12 + week	Rabies vaccination
13-16 week	Repeat hexa dog + rabies vaccination
Repeat it annually

Vaccination Schedule for Cats

Age	Vaccination
8 week	Falovac® (Feline rhinotrachitis, feline panleukopenia,
	feline calcivirus)
12 week	Repeat Falovac®
16 week	Rabies + booster of Falovac®

Rabies Vaccination

Pre exposure: Duramine^® Trimune^®

Post-exposure: Rabicin^® Rabvec^® Nobivac^®, Eravac^®

Brand Names of Vaccines and Companies

Injection: Duramine^® 1 ml vial (S/C) Fortdige Company

Injection: Rabicin or Rabvec^® 1ml or 10 ml vial (S/C) Ghazi Brother Company

Injection: Falovac^® 1 ml vial (S/C)

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Vaccination Schedule for Dogs: Core and Non-core Vaccines

Vaccination Schedule for Dogs: Core and Non-core Vaccines

Dog Vaccine	Initial Puppy Vaccination (at or under 16 weeks)	Initial Adult Dog Vaccination (over 16 weeks)	Booster Recommendation	Comments
Rabies 1-year	Can be administered in one dose, as early as 3 months of age. States regulate the age at which it is first administered.	Single dose	Annual boosters are recommended.	Core dog vaccine. Rabies is 100% fatal to dogs, with no treatment available. Prevention is key.
Rabies 3-year	Can be administered as one dose, as early as 3 months of age. States regulate the age at which it is first administered.	Single dose	A second vaccination is recommended after 1 year, then boosters every 3 years.	Core dog vaccine.
Distemper	At least 3 doses, given between 6 and 16 weeks of age	2 doses, given 3-4 weeks apart	Puppies need a booster 1 year after completing their initial series, then all dogs need a booster every 3 years or more.	Core dog vaccine. Caused by an airborne virus, distemper is a severe disease that, among other problems, may cause permanent brain damage.
Parvovirus	At least 3 doses, given between 6 and 16 weeks of age	2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart	Puppies need a booster 1 year after completing the initial series, then all dogs need a booster every 3 years or more.	Core dog vaccine. Canine "parvo" is contagious, and can cause severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Parvo is usually fatal if untreated.
Adenovirus (canine hepatitis)	At least 3 doses, between 6 and 16 weeks of age	2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart	Puppies need a booster 1 year after completing the initial series, then all dogs need a booster every 3 years or more.	Core dog vaccine. Spread via coughs and sneezes, canine hepatitis can lead to severe liver damage, and death.
Parainfluenza	Administered at 6-8 weeks of age, then every 3-4 weeks until 12-14 weeks old	1 dose	A booster may be necessary after 1 year, depending on manufacturer recommendations; revaccination every 3 years is considered protective.	Non-core dog vaccine. Parainfluenza infection results in cough, fever. It may be associated with Bordetella infection.
Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough )	Depends on the vaccine type; 2 doses are usually needed for protection.	1 dose of the intranasal product or 2 doses of the injected product	Annual or 6-month boosters may be recommended for dogs in high-risk environments.	Non-core dog vaccine. Not usually a serious condition, although it can be dangerous in young puppies. It is usually seen after activities like boarding or showing.
Lyme disease	1 dose, administered as early as 9 weeks, with a second dose 2-4 weeks later	2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart	May be needed annually, prior to the start of tick season	Non-core dog vaccine. Generally recommended only for dogs with a high risk for exposure to Lyme disease-carrying ticks.
Leptospirosis	First dose at 12 weeks; second dose 4 weeks later	2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart	At least once yearly for dogs in high-risk areas	Non-core dog vaccine. Vaccination is generally restricted to established risk areas. Exposure to rodents and standing water can lead to a leptospirosis infection.
Canine influenza	First dose as early as 6 weeks; second dose 2-4 weeks later	2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart	Yearly	Non-core dog vaccine. Similar to bordetella.

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Veterinary Vaccines available in Pakistan

VACCINE PREPARATIONS

1. Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines:

Trade name	Composition	Packing	Company	Recommended Dose
Aftovex	-	20 ml	Marial	L=2 ml S=1 ml SC
Aftibin	-	40 L-animals	Pfizer	L=2 ml S=1 ml SC
FMD Vac (VRI)	-	300 ml	VRI Lahore	L=5 ml S=3 ml SC

2. Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) Vaccines:

Trade name	Composition	Packing	Company	Recommended
				Dose
NIAB HS Vac	-	30 ml	NIAB Fsd	L=3 ml S=2 ml SC
HS Vac (VRI)	-	300 ml	VRI Lhr	L=5 ml S=3 ml SC
Hirra HS Vac	-	50 & 300 ml	Hirra	L=5 ml S=3 ml SC
Multocina	-	50 ml	Avicina	L=5 ml S=3 ml SC

3. Anti Rabies Vaccines:

		Trade name		Composition		Packing		Company		Recommended
										Dose
		Rabisin		-		1 & 10 ml		Marial		Single Dose
		Rabdomun		-		1 ml		ICI		Single Dose
4. Tetanus Anti-Toxins:
		Trade name	Composition		Packing		Company		Recommended Dose
		ATS	1500 IU -		-		China		As severity of
									condition
		ATS	10,000 IU		-		China		As severity of
									condition

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